International Protection (Asylum/Subsidiary Protection)

Spain grants international protection as refugee status (well-founded fear of persecution on race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or social group) or subsidiary protection (serious harm outside refugee criteria). Applications are free, lodged through the Oficina de Asilo y Refugio, Ministry of Interior.

Applicants receive initial status and work authorization after 6 months. Processing is highly variable — formally capped at 6 months but routinely taking 1-2 years. On grant, a 5-year renewable permit is issued; long-term residence follows after 5 years for refugees, 10 for subsidiary protection.

This visa is ideal for individuals fleeing persecution or serious harm who cannot safely return home and seek protection, work rights, and a long-term residence pathway in Spain.